{"id":113,"date":"2022-06-15T15:13:49","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T13:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/?p=113"},"modified":"2023-01-09T17:12:34","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T16:12:34","slug":"mayotte-101e-departement-francais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/2022\/06\/15\/mayotte-101e-departement-francais\/","title":{"rendered":"Mayotte, 101e d\u00e9partement fran\u00e7ais"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mayotte est un archipel fran\u00e7ais situ\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Indien, \u00e0 l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e nord du canal du Mozambique. L&rsquo;archipel est compos\u00e9 de deux \u00eeles principales, Grande-Terre et Petite-Terre, ainsi que d&rsquo;une trentaine d&rsquo;\u00eelots inhabit\u00e9s. Le territoire est peupl\u00e9 d&rsquo;environ 300 000 habitants au 1er janvier 2022, selon les derni\u00e8res estimations de l&rsquo;Insee bas\u00e9es sur le recensement de 2017. Son chef-lieu, Mamoudzou, concentre une bonne partie de la population de l&rsquo;\u00eele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Archipel de Mayotte<\/h5>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Carte-topographique-Mayotte-2-815x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-128\" width=\"612\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Carte-topographique-Mayotte-2-815x1024.png 815w, https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Carte-topographique-Mayotte-2-239x300.png 239w, https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Carte-topographique-Mayotte-2-768x965.png 768w, https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/Carte-topographique-Mayotte-2.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"media-credit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/author\/\"><\/a> | Non-scolarisation et d\u00e9scolarisation \u00e0 Mayotte : d\u00e9nombrer et comprendre<\/span> Source : R\u00e9mi Kaupp, CC BY-SA 4.0, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mayotte_topographic_map-fr.svg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Mayotte fait partie de l&rsquo;archipel des Comores, \u00e9galement compos\u00e9 de trois autres \u00eeles qui constituent aujourd&rsquo;hui l&rsquo;\u00c9tat ind\u00e9pendant de l&rsquo;Union des Comores : Anjouan, Moh\u00e9li et Grande-Comore (o\u00f9 se trouve la capitale, Moroni). Environ 850 000 habitants peuplaient l\u2019Union des Comores en 2019 selon la Banque mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Archipel des Comores<\/h5>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/image-9.png 547w, https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/06\/image-9-300x251.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"media-credit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/author\/\"><\/a> | Non-scolarisation et d\u00e9scolarisation \u00e0 Mayotte : d\u00e9nombrer et comprendre<\/span> Source : Division g\u00e9ographique de la Direction des Archives et du minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00c9trang\u00e8res<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelques rep\u00e8res historiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mayotte a obtenu le statut de d\u00e9partement fran\u00e7ais d\u2019outre-mer le 31 mars 2011, apr\u00e8s plusieurs d\u00e9cennies de lutte de la part d&rsquo;une partie de la population mahoraise. Bien avant cela, Mayotte devient fran\u00e7aise en 1841 lorsque le sultan Malgache Andriantsouli c\u00e8de l&rsquo;\u00eele \u00e0 la puissance coloniale fran\u00e7aise, dans le cadre d&rsquo;une simple transaction financi\u00e8re. L&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;archipel des Comores devient colonie fran\u00e7aise en 1892, avant de se transformer en territoire d&rsquo;outre-mer en 1946. Le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum controvers\u00e9 de 1974 puis celui de 1976 sur l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance des Comores a conduit au maintien de Mayotte dans la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise sous le statut de collectivit\u00e9 territoriale. Les trois autres \u00eeles de l\u2019archipel votent leur ind\u00e9pendance et deviennent la R\u00e9publique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale islamique des Comores, puis l\u2019Union des Comores depuis 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelques r\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Blanchy, Sophie. 2018. \u00ab\u00a0Les familles face au nouveau droit local \u00e0 Mayotte\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Ethnologie francaise<\/em> Vol. 48 (1): 47\u201156.<\/li><li>Cottereau, Victoire. 2021. \u00ab\u00a0Mayotte, vers une \u00eele \u00ab\u202fforteresse\u202f\u00bb\u202f? Histoire et cons\u00e9quences d\u2019une fronti\u00e8re controvers\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb. <em>L\u2019Information g\u00e9ographique<\/em> Vol. 85 (1): 8\u201130.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mayotte est un archipel fran\u00e7ais situ\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Indien, \u00e0 l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e nord du canal du Mozambique. L&rsquo;archipel est compos\u00e9 de deux \u00eeles principales, Grande-Terre et Petite-Terre, ainsi que d&rsquo;une trentaine d&rsquo;\u00eelots inhabit\u00e9s. Le territoire est peupl\u00e9 d&rsquo;environ 300 000 habitants au 1er janvier 2022, selon les derni\u00e8res estimations de l&rsquo;Insee bas\u00e9es sur le recensement de&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[7],"class_list":["post-113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"Article"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"Tanguy Mathon-C\u00e9cillon","author_link":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/author\/tanguy\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"Article","slug":"article","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":5,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":5,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Article","category_nicename":"article","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":153,"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions\/153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efis.parisnanterre.fr\/nsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}